You Know Me Better Than I Could Christian Songs
"I know that I know naught" is a saying derived from Plato's account of the Greek philosopher Socrates. Socrates himself was never recorded as having said this phrase, and scholars mostly agree that Socrates only ever asserted that he believed that he knew nada, having never claimed that he knew that he knew nothing. It is as well sometimes chosen the Socratic paradox, although this name is often instead used to refer to other seemingly paradoxical claims made by Socrates in Plato'south dialogues (most notably, Socratic intellectualism and the Socratic fallacy).[1]
This saying is likewise connected or conflated with the respond to a question Socrates (according to Xenophon) or Chaerephon (co-ordinate to Plato) is said to have posed to the Pythia, the Oracle of Delphi, in which the oracle stated something to the effect of "Socrates is the wisest person in Athens."[2] Socrates, believing the oracle but besides completely convinced that he knew nothing, was said to have concluded that nobody knew anything, and that he was merely wiser than others because he was the only person who recognized his own ignorance.
Etymology [edit]
The phrase, originally from Latin (" ipse se nihil scire id unum sciat "),[three] is a possible paraphrase from a Greek text (see below). It is as well quoted as " scio me nihil scire " or " scio me nescire ".[four] Information technology was later back-translated to Katharevousa Greek every bit " [ἓν οἶδα ὅτι] οὐδὲν οἶδα ", [hèn oîda hóti] oudèn oîda).[5]
In Plato [edit]
This is technically a shorter paraphrasing of Socrates' statement, "I neither know nor think I know" (in Plato, Amends 21d). The paraphrased proverb, though widely attributed to Plato's Socrates in both ancient and modern times, really occurs nowhere in Plato's works in precisely the course "I know I know nothing."[6] Two prominent Plato scholars have recently argued that the merits should non be attributed to Plato'due south Socrates.[seven]
Evidence that Socrates does not really merits to know zero can be found at Apology 29b-c, where he claims twice to know something. See as well Apology 29d, where Socrates indicates that he is then confident in his merits to cognition at 29b-c that he is willing to die for it.
That said, in the Amends, Plato relates that Socrates accounts for his seeming wiser than any other person because he does non imagine that he knows what he does not know.[8]
... ἔοικα γοῦν τούτου γε σμικρῷ τινι αὐτῷ τούτῳ σοφώτερος εἶναι, ὅτι ἃ μὴ οἶδα οὐδὲ οἴομαι εἰδέναι.
... I seem, and then, in simply this little thing to be wiser than this man at any charge per unit, that what I do not know I practice not remember I know either. [from the Henry Cary literal translation of 1897]
A more commonly used translation puts it, "although I do not suppose that either of united states of america knows anything actually beautiful and adept, I am better off than he is – for he knows nothing, and thinks he knows. I neither know nor recall I know" [from the Benjamin Jowett translation]. Whichever translation we use, the context in which this passage occurs should be considered; Socrates having gone to a "wise" homo, and having discussed with him, withdraws and thinks the in a higher place to himself. Socrates, since he denied whatever kind of knowledge, then tried to find someone wiser than himself among politicians, poets, and craftsmen. It appeared that politicians claimed wisdom without cognition; poets could affect people with their words, but did not know their meaning; and craftsmen could merits knowledge only in specific and narrow fields. The estimation of the Oracle's answer might be Socrates' awareness of his ain ignorance.[ix]
Socrates as well deals with this phrase in Plato's dialogue Meno when he says:[ten]
καὶ νῦν περὶ ἀρετῆς ὃ ἔστιν ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ οἶδα, σὺ μέντοι ἴσως πρότερον μὲν ᾔδησθα πρὶν ἐμοῦ ἅψασθαι, νῦν μέντοι ὅμοιος εἶ οὐκ εἰδότι.
[And so now I do not know what virtue is; perchance you knew before y'all contacted me, but now y'all are certainly like one who does not know.] (trans. One thousand. Yard. A. Grube)
Here, Socrates aims at the change of Meno's opinion, who was a firm believer in his own opinion and whose claim to knowledge Socrates had disproved.
It is essentially the question that begins "post-Socratic" Western philosophy. Socrates begins all wisdom with wondering, thus i must begin with admitting one's ignorance. Later on all, Socrates' dialectic method of didactics was based on that he as a teacher knew nothing, so he would derive cognition from his students by dialogue.
There is as well a passage by Diogenes Laërtius in his piece of work Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers where he lists, amongst the things that Socrates used to say:[11] " εἰδέναι μὲν μηδὲν πλὴν αὐτὸ τοῦτο εἰδέναι ", or "that he knew nothing except that he knew that very fact (i.due east. that he knew zippo)".
Again, closer to the quote, in that location is a passage in Plato's Apology, where Socrates says that subsequently discussing with someone he started thinking that:[8]
τούτου μὲν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐγὼ σοφώτερός εἰμι· κινδυνεύει μὲν γὰρ ἡμῶν οὐδέτερος οὐδὲν καλὸν κἀγαθὸν εἰδέναι, ἀλλ᾽ οὗτος μὲν οἴεταί τι εἰδέναι οὐκ εἰδώς, ἐγὼ δέ, ὥσπερ οὖν οὐκ οἶδα, οὐδὲ οἴομαι· ἔοικα γοῦν τούτου γε σμικρῷ τινι αὐτῷ τούτῳ σοφώτερος εἶναι, ὅτι ἃ μὴ οἶδα οὐδὲ οἴομαι εἰδέναι.
I am wiser than this homo, for neither of us appears to know anything great and good; simply he fancies he knows something, although he knows nothing; whereas I, as I practice not know anything, so I do not fancy I do. In this trifling particular, and then, I appear to be wiser than he, because I practice non fancy I know what I exercise non know.
It is too a curiosity that at that place is more one passage in the narratives in which Socrates claims to accept knowledge on some topic, for case on beloved:[12]
How could I vote 'No,' when the only matter I say I understand is the art of love (τὰ ἐρωτικά)[xiii]
I know virtually nothing, except a certain small subject area – honey (τῶν ἐρωτικῶν), although on this subject area, I'm thought to be amazing (δεινός), improve than anyone else, past or present[xiv]
Alternative usage [edit]
"Socratic paradox" may besides refer to statements of Socrates that seem contrary to common sense, such as that "no one desires evil".[fifteen]
See also [edit]
- Acatalepsy
- Bookish skepticism
- Metamemory
- Apodicticity
- Cogito
- Dunning–Kruger effect
- Doxastic logic, Doxastic attitudes
- Epistemology
- Gnothi seauton
- Ignoramus et ignorabimus
- Maieutics
- Münchhausen trilemma
- Pyrrhonism
- Sapere aude
- Skepticism
- There are known knowns
- Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
References [edit]
- ^ "Socratic Paradox". Oxford Reference . Retrieved nineteen November 2021.
- ^ H. Bowden, Classical Athens and the Delphic Oracle: Divination and Democracy, Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 82.
- ^ "He himself thinks he knows 1 thing, that he knows aught"; Cicero, Academica, Book I, section 16.
- ^ A variant is found in von Kues, De visione Dei, XIII, 146 (Werke, Walter de Gruyter, 1967, p. 312): "...et hoc scio solum, quia scio me nescire [sic]... [I know alone, that (or because) I know, that I do not know]."
- ^ "All I know is that I know nothing -> Ἓν οἶδα ὅτι οὐδὲν οἶδα, Εν οίδα ότι ουδέν οίδα, ΕΝ ΟΙΔΑ ΟΤΙ ΟΥΔΕΝ ΟΙΔΑ". world wide web.translatum.gr.
- ^ Gail Fine, "Does Socrates Claim to Know that He Knows Nothing?", Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy vol. 35 (2008), pp. 49–88.
- ^ Fine argues that "it is better not to attribute it to him" ("Does Socrates Claim to Know He Knows Nothing?", Oxford Studies in Aboriginal Philosophy vol. 35 (2008), p. 51). C. C. W. Taylor has argued that the "paradoxical conception is a clear misreading of Plato" (Socrates, Oxford University Press 1998, p. 46).
- ^ a b Plato, Amends 21d.
- ^ Plato; Morris Kaplan (2009). The Socratic Dialogues. Kaplan Publishing. p. nine. ISBN978-ane-4277-9953-1.
- ^ Plato, Meno 80d1–3.
- ^ Diogenes Laërtius II.32.
- ^ Cimakasky, Joseph J.. Of a sudden: The Role of Ἐξαίφνης in Plato'southward Dialogues. Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation. Duquesne University. 2014.
- ^ Plato. Symposium, 177d-east.
- ^ Plato. Theages, 128b.
- ^ Terence Irwin, The Evolution of Ideals, vol. ane, Oxford University Press 2007, p. 14; Gerasimos Santas, "The Socratic Paradoxes", Philosophical Review 73 (1964), pp. 147–64.
External links [edit]
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Quotations related to Socrates at Wikiquote
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_know_that_I_know_nothing
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